 Avibirds European birdguide onlineYour source to the birds of Europe:Download European threatened Species Action Plans (SAP) |
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European threatened species actionplans (all documents are in pdf format) | |||||
| Fea's Petrel (Pterodroma feae)  |
Download SAP » Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae is an extremely rare and threatened Macaronesian endemic petrel, known to exist only on Bugio and some of the Cape Verde Islands. |
Zino's Petrel (Pterodroma madeira)  |
Download SAP » Zino's Petrel or Madeira Freira Pterodroma madeira is Europe's rarest breeding seabird. It is endemic to the island of Madeira where it breeds in the central mountain massif. The breeding population is estimated to be down to a precarious 20–30 pairs. |
Pygmy Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmeus)  |
Download SAP » The Pygmy Cormorant is considered as Near-Threatened within its whole range and is listed as Vulnerable at European level. Its present world breeding population is estimated at 13,000 pairs, and probably half of this number is in Europe. |
| Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus)  |
Download SAP » The Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus is classified today as Vulnerable within its whole geographical distribution, from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to Mongolia. Its present world breeding population is estimated at 3,215–4,280 pairs. |
Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)  |
Download SAP » There are small breeding populations of Bitterns in most EU, though around three quarters of the European total are found in Russia and the Ukraine. Half of these populations declined between 1970 and 1990. |
Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus)  |
Download SAP » The Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus has undergone drastic declines in numbers in the breeding and wintering ranges. Since the 1940s, the population has probably fallen by more than 90% to fewer than 50,000 individuals. |
| Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis)  |
Download SAP » The Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis is one of the rarest goose species in the world. The greatest threats are illegal and unregulated hunting and agricultural practices in Bulgaria and Romania. |
Marbled Teal (Marmaronetta angustirostris)  |
Download SAP » The Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris is undergoing rapid declines throughout its remaining range, with the destruction and degradation of habitat (particularly breeding habitat) being the most important cause. |
Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca)  |
Download SAP » This species is a poorly known. 100 years ago, it was one of the most plentiful Anatidae species over a great part of its EU range. Since, it has undergone a large, long-term decline in Europe, and numbers continue downward, approximately 13,000-24,000 pairs remain. |
| Steller's Eider (Polysticta stelleri) >  |
Download SAP » The world’s population of Stellar’s Eider has decreased by about 50%. From 400-500,000 in the 1960s the winter population has declined to about 220,000 individuals (Europe: c.40,000; East Asia: c.30,000 and North America: c.150,000). |
White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala)  |
Download SAP » The White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala has undergone a considerable decline in range and population size this century, with the destruction and degradation of habitat and hunting being the causes. |
Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus)  |
Download SAP » The Lammergeier or Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus is an Endangered species in Europe because its population numbers is fewer than 250 breeding pairs. |
| Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus)  |
Download SAP » The Cinereous Vulture has a discontinuous distribution in Europe, where it is present in the Caucasus mountains (190 pairs), Greece (20), Spain (1,000), Turkey (100–500) and Ukraine (6). It is classified as Vulnerable at European level. |
White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla as of 2001 Least Concern)  |
Download SAP » Natural populations were greatly reduced over the species entire range as the result of persecution. The total number of pairs is currently estimated at approximately 7,000 pairs |
Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina)  |
Download SAP » In Europe it has suffered a major decline. It is now very rare or extinct in many areas, e.g. Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Serbia and large parts of Greece. |
| Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga)  |
Download SAP » The total number of pairs in Europe is unknown but has been estimated to be below 1000 pairs. In several countries it became extinct or almost extinct, e.g. Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Romania. |
Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca)  |
Download SAP » In Europe it has suffered a rapid decline in recent decades and is now very rare or extinct in many areas. Total numbers are estimated at 363-604 pairs. |
Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti)  |
Download SAP » It is one of the rarest birds of prey in the world and is endemic to the west Mediterranean region. Breeding birds, totalling c.150 pairs, are found only in Spain and Morocco, although dispersing or nomadic juveniles regularly appear in Portugal. |
| Bonelli's Eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus)  |
Download SAP » The Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus is an endangered species at European level having experienced a large decline throughout almost all of its European range, with a population now numbering less than 2500 pairs. |
Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus)  |
Download SAP » Agricultural development has resulted in fragmentation of its breeding range and has caused population decline. The breeding population at the beginning of this century is est. at 9.000–15.000 pairs, and declining. |
Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni)  |
Download SAP » It has shown major population declines in large parts of its western Palearctic breeding range and has disappeared from several countries. The population inEurope and North Africa was estimated to be 10,000–17,000 pairs in 1994. |
| Eleonora's Falcon (Falco eleonorae)  |
Download SAP » The world population of 6250 pairs is concentrated in a few colonies of up to 300 pairs each, between the Canary Islands in the west and Cyprus in the east. The loss of a single colony can be a substantial loss of the world population |
Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus)  |
Download SAP » The Lanner Falcon is composed of five subspecies (biarmicus, abyssinicus, erlangeri, feldeggii and tanypterus). In the Mediterranean numbers have declined dramatically since the 1950’s and 1960’s |
Corncrake (Crex crex)  |
Download SAP » The global population is estimated to number 1.7 to 3.5 million singing males. Available data on trends suggest declines of 20-50% in the recent decades in large parts of the breeding range, most pronounced in western European countries. |
| Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio porphyrio)  |
SAP » Europe shows a fragmented distribution range as a consequence of a large decline between the end of 19th and mid 20th. Current European population is estimated to be ca. 3.990-5.154 breeding pairs, 85-90% within Spain (3.500-4.500 pairs). |
Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax)  |
Download SAP » The Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax is considered vulnerable in Europe due to large declines in most of its European range. Some 100,000-200,000 displaying males have been estimated for Spain and about 20,000 individuals for Portugal. |
Canary Island Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata fuenteventurae)  |
Download SAP » This species is a subspecies endemic to the Canary Islands, being found on the islands of Fuerteventura, Lobos, Lanzarote and Graciosa. The total population is estimated at 700–750 birds. it is considered as a Vulnerable species in Europe. |
| Great Bustard (Otis tarda)  |
Download SAP » The European population is estimated to be between 23,790 and 30,483 individuals but there has been a rapid decline in much of central and eastern Europe. Its habitat is intensively used agricultural land and mixed extensive agricultural and pasture/fallow land. |
Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)  |
Download SAP » Estimates suggest that the world population is estimated at 200-600 breeding pairs (ca. 600-1,800 birds). The Sociable Lapwing is a globally threatened species in the category "Critically Endangered". |
Great Snipe (Gallinago media)  |
Download SAP » The population declined dramatically at the end of the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century, when the species disappeared from the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Finland and the lowlands of Sweden and Norway. |
| Black-winged Pratincole (Glareola nordmanni)  |
Download SAP » Population decline of the Black-winged Pratincole started in the end of 19th century, and became more evident in the second half of the 20th century. Currently the total population of the Black-winged Pratincole is unlikely to exceed 10,000-15,000 pairs. |
Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris)  |
Download SAP » The conservation status of this species is classified as Critical at a global level. It is almost certainly the rarest and most poorly known bird species in Europe, where it occurs as a passage migrant. The population is estimated to be 50–270 birds. |
Audouin's Gull (Larus audouinii)  |
Download SAP » It is a rare and localised species with a breeding population of about 15,000 pairs limited to the Mediterranean Sea. Because of the population increase in the last twenty years it is now classified as Conservation Dependent |
| Madeira Laurel Pigeon (Columba trocaz)  |
Download SAP » The Madeira Laurel Pigeon or Long-toed Pigeon Columba trocaz is endemic to the island of Madeira. It is listed as Rare. The reduction of its range is being associated with the cutting of Laurel forest for wood, agriculture, grazing and human settlements. |
Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon (Columba bollii)  |
Download SAP » The Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon is endemic to the Canary Islands. It is classified as Rare by IUCN. The estimated minimum total population of Dark-tailed Laurel Pigeon is 1,150-1,300 individuals allthough current data suggest about 1,700. |
White-tailed Laurel Pigeon (Columba junoniae)  |
Download SAP » The White-tailed Laurel Pigeon Columba junoniae is a species endemic to the Canary Islands archipelago. Numbers are believed to have been stable during 1970-1990 although sufficient data are not available to confirm this. |
| Tenerife Gt. S. Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major canariensis)  |
Download SAP » It is only present in Tenerife Is. The subspecies seems to be in a favourable conservation status with a positive population trend. Recent studies show the expansion of the species to new areas and a clear increase of the population. |
Gran Canaria Gt. S. Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major thanneri)  |
Download SAP » Records obtained during the last few years seem to confirm that the subspecies is becoming more abundant. Currently seen in localities where the Woodpecker had not been recorded for past decades. |
Fuerteventura Chat (Saxicola dacotiae)  |
Download SAP » The Fuerteventura Chat is endemic to Fuerteventura Island in the Canaries’ archipelago, Spain. The population has been estimated at 650 to 850 pairs. The main threat is the increasing urban expansion that is taking place in Fuerteventura. |
| Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola)  |
Download SAP » It is a globally threatened species breeding in Belarus, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. The European population is estimated at 5,600–10,700 singing males, with major populations in Belarus, Poland, Hungary and Russia. |
Blue Chaffinch (Fringilla teydea)  |
Download SAP » The Blue Chaffinch is endemic to the Canary Islands and comprises two subspecies Fringilla teydea teydea on Tenerife and F. t. polatzeki on Gran Canaria. The status of the Tenerife subspecies is good, while the Gran Canaria subspecies presents serious conservation problems. |
Azores Bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina)  |
Download SAP » The Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina is a very distinct form occurring in the east of the island of São Miguel. The present population of about 120 pairs is largely confined to native vegetation, which has been reduced and invaded by aggressive exotic plants. |
| Cinereous Bunting (Emberiza cineracea)  |
Download SAP » The total world population has been estimated at 700–5350 pairs. The species is classified as 'Near Threatened' at the global level and 'Vulnerable' in Europe. |
Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius cursor)  |
Download SAP » The Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius cursor cursor) is present in the islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. The population is estimated in 200-250 pairs. |
Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus)  |
Download SAP » In Europe, having only about 2,000 breeding pairs, it has been classified as Vulnerable. The population seems to have declined considerably, at least in northern Fennoscandia, in the late 19th and early 20th century. |
| Crested Coot (Fulica cristata)  |
Download SAP » The current size of its population in Western Mediterranean is 5.000 birds. It occurs in small numbers in Southern Europe with fewer than 250 breeding pairs. It is considered to be threatened by extinction at regional level. |
Scottish Crossbill (Loxia scotica)  |
Download SAP » The Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica is the UK’s only endemic bird species. Over recent centuries it is likely that its range and numbers have contracted with the reduction of Caledonian pine forest. |
Italian Partridge (Perdix perdrix italica)  |
Download SAP » Throughout Europe the species has declined dramatically since World War II. Only a few populations exist and even the largest (12000 individuals) has decreased drastically since the early 1990s. |
| Mediterranean Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii)  |
Download SAP » The Mediterranean Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii is a subspecies endemic to the Mediterranean basin. Despite their numbers are not well known experts agree that a reduction of the population has taken place. |
Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus mauretanicus)  |
Download SAP » The Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) is an endemic species from Balearic Islands. The total population is about 3.000 pairs, breeding mainly in Formentera cliffs. |
Roseate Tern (Sterna dougalii)  |
Download SAP » The decline in Roseate Tern numbers in western Europe (and in some populations elsewhere) has been severe, long-lasting and well documented, although the reasons behind this decline remain obscure. |
| Macaronesian Sparrowhawk ( Accipiter nisus granti)  |
Download SAP » Endemic subspecies of the Canaries and Madeira archipelagos. The population has been estimated at 200 pairs. The main portion of the population can be found in Tenerife and La Palma islands. |
Corso-sardinian Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis arrigonii)  |
Download SAP » The subspecies of Goshawk Accipiter gentilis arrigonii is confined to the islands of Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France). The population estimate for Corsica is 50 - 80 pairs and 60 – 80 pairs for Sardinia. |
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